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Introducción: El manejo de los gliomas cerebrales durante las últimas cuatro décadas ha sufrido cambios relevantes en su estudio y tratamiento. Dentro de estos cambios se encuentra el desarrollo de técnicas imagenológicas, neurofisiológicas e histopatológicas. El presente trabajo intenta estimar el impacto que la utilización de dichas tecnologías ha tenido sobre el pronóstico de los pacientes. Material y método: Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura en medios digitales e impresos abarcando mayormente publicaciones y comunicaciones desde la década de 1980 hasta el presente. Se expone 1 caso sometido recientemente a cirugía por los autores en el que se utilizaron varias de estas herramientas, presentando el análisis que se llevó a cabo en la planificación quirúrgica. Resultados: La literatura muestra mejorías consistentes pero discretas en el pronóstico asociado al uso de tecnologías complementarias intraoperatorias en gliomas cerebrales, relacionadas a la ayuda que prestarían en la extensión de la resección tumoral y en la preservación funcional. Conclusiones: La utilización intensiva de las tecnologías complementarias descritas parece recomendable si la planificación quirúrgica anticipa beneficios fundados en cuanto a morbi-mortalidad para un paciente en particular. Se debe ser cauto en anticipar y generalizar el impacto pronóstico global que puedan tener, beneficio que es consistente en la literatura pero que en estos momentos parece modesto en términos generales en especial para gliomas de alto grado.
Introduction: The management of cerebral gliomas during the last four decades has undergone relevant changes in terms of its study and treatment. Among these changes is the development of imaging, neurophysiological and histopathological techniques. The present study attempts to estimate the impact that the use of these technologies has had on the prognosis of patients. Material and Method: Comprehensive review of the literature in digital and print media covering mostly publications and communications from the 1980s to the present. 1 case recently submitted to surgery by the authors in which several of these tools were used is exposed, presenting the analysis that was carried out in the surgical planning. Results: The literature shows consistent but discrete improvements in the prognosis associated with the use of intraoperative complementary technologies in cerebral gliomas, related to the help they would provide in the extension of tumor resection and functional preservation. Conclusions: The intensive use of the complementary technologies described seems advisable if surgical planning anticipates well-founded benefits in terms of morbidity and mortality for a particular patient. Caution should be exercised in anticipating and generalizing the global prognostic impact they may have, a benefit that is consistent in the literature but currently seems modest in general terms especially for high grade gliomas.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of routine exposure versus neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) in thyroid cancer surgery. Methods:The clinical data of 500 patients who underwent open thyroid cancer surgery in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Quzhou from July 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into a monitoring group ( n = 300) and an unmonitored group (control group) ( n = 200) according to whether neuromonitoring was performed during surgery. In the control group, the EBSLN was routinely exposed during the surgery for naked observation. In the monitoring group, the EBSLN was monitored. The Voice Handicap Index score, vocal cord function, and serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium ion were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. All patients were followed up for 1 year to observe injury to the EBSLN, parathyroid gland injury, and hypocalcemia. Results:In the monitoring group, operative time (112.32 ± 10.42) minutes, intraoperative blood loss (10.58 ± 5.04) mL, time to extubation (2.07 ± 0.54) days, postoperative drainage flow (10.55 ± 3.58) mL, and postoperative hospital stay (3.03 ± 1.03) days were significantly shorter and less compared with the control group ( t = 18.68, 15.09, 15.24, 32.98, 27.37, all P < 0.001). Compared with before surgery, normalized noise energy, amplitude perturbation, fundamental frequency perturbation, and fundamental frequency value in each group were significantly decreased after surgery, harmonic to noise ratio and the Voice Handicap Index were significantly increased after surgery. These indices were more obviously improved in the monitoring group compared with the control group ( t = 43.31, 27.10, 46.45, 37.11, 8.97, all P < 0.001). Compared with before surgery, serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium ion in each group were significantly decreased after surgery. After surgery, serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium ion in the control group were significantly lower than those in the monitoring group ( t = 41.14, 5.99, both P < 0.001). The incidence of complications in the monitoring group [4 cases of hypocalcemia (1.33%), 0 cases of parathyroid injury (0.00%), 8 cases of injury to the EBSLN] was significantly lower than that in the control group ( χ2 = 73.41, 74.17, 76.29, all P < 0.001). Conclusion:Neuromonitoring of the EBSLN during open thyroid cancer surgery can effectively improve patient voice and vocal cord function, reduce the rate of injury to the EBSLN, and has a clinical application value.
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Resumen Objetivo: La lesión del nervio laríngeo recurrente es una grave complicación en cirugía tiroidea. El propósito del presente estudio es analizar la utilidad de la neuromonitorización vagal continua intraoperatoria en un hospital terciario. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo que recoge pacientes intervenidos de cirugía tiroidea con neuromonitorización en un período de 14 meses. La pérdida de señal se define como amplitud final nerviosa < 100 ^V, realizándose laringoscopia postquirúrgica ante la sospecha de lesión nerviosa. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS® V25,0, con p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 120 pacientes intervenidos, registrándose en el 24,2% pérdida de señal. Factores de riesgo para lesión fueron bocio intratorácico (OR 5,31; IC 95% 1,56-17,99; p = 0,007), cirugía cervical previa (OR 5,76; IC 95% 0,64-51,97; p = 0,119) y patología maligna (OR 1,44; IC 95% 0,16-12,79; p = 0,743). Fue posible el cambio de estrategia quirúrgica en 7 casos. En el seguimiento posterior se cuantificó parálisis recurrencial transitoria en 27 pacientes y permanente en 4. Discusión: La neuromonitorización parece reducir la incidencia de parálisis laríngea porque aumenta la seguridad en la identificación del nervio recurrente y reduce su manipulación durante la cirugía. Conclusiones: La neuromonitorización intraoperatoria es útil para identificar el nervio laríngeo recurrente y advierte del riesgo potencial de lesión, permitiendo cambiar la estrategia quirúrgica para evitar la parálisis bilateral de cuerdas vocales.
Aim: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a serious complication in thyroid surgery. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the use of intraoperative continuous vagal neuromonitoring in a tertiary hospital. Materials and Method: Observational, analytical and retrospective study that includes patients who underwent thyroid surgery with neuromonitoring in a period of 14 months. Loss of signal is defined as final nerve amplitude < 100 ^V, and postsurgical laryngoscopy is performed due to suspicion of nerve injury. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS® V25.0 program, with p < 0.05. Results: 120 operated patients were included, registering loss of signal in 24.2%. Risk factors for injury were intrathoracic goiter (OR 5.31; 95% CI 1.56-17.99; p = 0.007), previous cervical surgery (OR 5.76; 95% CI 0.64-51.97; p = 0.119) and malignant pathology (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.16-12.79; p = 0.743). A change in surgical strategy was possible in 7 cases. In the subsequent follow-up, transient recurrent paralysis was quantified in 27 patients and permanent in 4. Discussion: Neuromonitoring seems to reduce the incidence of laryngeal paralysis because it increases the security in the identification of the recurrent nerve and reduces its manipulation during surgery. Conclusions: Intraoperative neuromonitoring is useful to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve and warns of the potential risk of injury, allowing to change the surgical strategy to avoid bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/pathology , Thyroid Gland/surgery , Vagus Nerve , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Monitoring, IntraoperativeABSTRACT
Objective:To study the safety, validity and practicability of the modified trans-cricothyroid needle electrode method for neurmonitoring during thyroidectomy.Methods:115 patients from the Department of Thyroid Surgery in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital scheduled for thyroid surgery were recruited into the group. Two paired needle electrodes were obliquely inserted into the cricothyroid membrane from the angle between the rectus cricothyroid muscle and the inferior margin of thyroid cartilage. The function of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was localized, exposed and evaluated by standard four-step method (V1-R1-R2-V2) . The vocal cord movement was evaluated by electronic laryngoscope before and after operation, and t-test was used to compare the difference of EMG signal amplitude before and after operation.Results:A total of 130 RLN from 115 patients were recorded effective electromyographic (EMG) signals, including 12 cases of giant goiter with tracheal compression stenosis; 13 cases had repeated adjustments of the position of tracheal intubation electrode during operation, but EMG signals were not satisfactory; 15 cases were with of accidental findings during operation and requiring neurmonitoring, but tracheal intubation electrodes were not used in advance. 75 cases were volunteers. The signals of 3 RLN were lost during operation. On the second day after operation, electronic laryngoscope showed that 2 cases had normal vocal cord movement and 1 case had vocal cord paralysis and no recovery for 6 months follow-up. The EMG signals of other 127 nerves were V1/R1=1857±1718μV/2347±2323μV, V2/R2=1924±1705μV/2450±2345μV. There was no significant difference in EMG signals between pre-operation and post-operation ( t=0.31/0.35, P=0.755/0.725) . The electronic laryngoscope showed normal vocal cord movement before and after operation. During the operation, 2 patients had a little bleeding at the needle electrode insertion point, which stopped after 5 minutes of compression. No electro-acupuncture breakage, infection or local hematoma occurred. Conclusions:The modified trans-cricothyroid needle electrode method had been proved to be safe and feasible for evaluating the function of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. Besides of unaffected by tracheal conditions, it has good stability, simple implantation and low cost. In thyroid surgery, it can be used as a useful supplement to endotracheal intubation electrode.
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Robotic surgical systems are gradually being used in minimally invasive surgery with their advantages of high-definition magnified 3D images, stable surgical field and flexible operation. The change of surgical approach and the narrow operating space in robotic thyroid surgery have made it more difficult to identify and protect the laryngeal nerve, and the application of nerve monitoring has been limited. Many researchers have attempted to improve the monitoring equipment and probe placement to make intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques work well in robotic thyroid surgery. In this paper, we seek effective ways to protect the laryngeal nerve in robotic thyroid surgery, and lay the foundation for a more minimally invasive and standardized development of this technology.
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Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and surgery is the main treatment strategy. Disorders of bowel, anorectal and urogenital function remain common problems after total mesorectal resection (TME), which seriously decreases the quality of life of patients. Surgical nerve damage is one of the main causes of the complications, while TME with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation is an effective way to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is a promising method to assist the surgeon to identify and protect the pelvic autonomic nerves. Nevertheless, the monitoring methods and technical standards vary, and the clinical use of IONM is still limited. This review aims to summarize the researches on IONM in rectal and pelvic surgery. The electrical nerve stimulation technique and different methods of IONM in rectal cancer surgery are introduced. Also, the authors discuss the limitations of current researches, including methodological disunity and lack of equipment, then prospect the future direction in this field.
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Humans , Autonomic Pathways , Pelvis/surgery , Quality of Life , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectum/surgeryABSTRACT
Introducción: El neuromonitoreo no invasivo en pacientes críticos representa una opción de primera línea para el manejo de complicaciones fatales derivadas del aumento de la presión intracraneal. En esta modalidad se incluye la ultrasonografía del diámetro de la vaina del nervio óptico, la cual representa una técnica rápida, fácil de realizar y disponible a la cabecera del paciente. Objetivos: Describir aspectos fundamentales y actualizados sobre el uso de la ultrasonografía en el monitoreo de la presión intracraneal a través de la medición del diámetro de la vaina del nervio óptico en los diferentes escenarios neuroclínicos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura publicada en bases de datos como: PubMed/Medline, SciELO y Google académico entre los meses mayo y julio de 2020. Se revisaron publicaciones en inglés y español. Se seleccionaron 46 bibliografías que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se describen aspectos fundamentales como la anatomía ecográfica del nervio óptico, descripción de la técnica y su uso en entidades neurocríticas como el traumatismo craneoencefálico, ictus, muerte encefálica, entre otros. Conclusiones: La ecografía de la vaina del nervio óptico representa una alternativa no invasiva ampliamente aceptada para la medición del incremento de la presión intracranial. Con un diámetro de 5,0 hasta 5,9 mm o más se puede asumir el diagnóstico de hipertensión intracraneal con alta sensibilidad y especificidad, aunque debe individualizarse su uso en cada patología neurocrítica. La curva de aprendizaje para la realización del proceder es de breve tiempo y satisface las habilidades necesarias(AU)
Introduction: Noninvasive neuromonitoring in critically ill patients is a first-line option for the management of fatal complications derived from increased intracranial pressure. This modality includes ultrasound of optic nerve sheath diameter, which is a quick technique, easy to perform and available at the bedside. Objectives: To describe significant and state-of-the-art aspects regarding the use of ultrasound for monitoring intracranial pressure through measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter in different neuroclinical settings. Methods: A review was carried out, between May and July 2020, of the literature published in databases such as PubMed/Medline, SciELO and Google Scholar. Publications in English and Spanish were reviewed. Forty-six bibliographic sources were chosen, as long as they met the inclusion criteria. Fundamental aspects are described, such as the ultrasound anatomy of the optic nerve, the technique procedures and its use in neurocritical entities such as head trauma, stroke and brain death, among others. Conclusions: Ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath is a widely accepted noninvasive choice for measurement of increased intracranial pressure. With a diameter of 5.0 to 5.9 mm or more, the diagnosis of intracranial hypertension can be assumed with high sensitivity and specificity, although its use should be individualized in each neurocritical pathology. The learning curve for carrying out the procedure is short and satisfies the necessary skills(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Pressure/physiology , Critical Illness , Stroke , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Craniocerebral TraumaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the maximum dose of continuous mivacurium infusion for intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and observe the adverse reactions during thyroid surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).@*METHODS@#Thirty patients undergoing IONM during thyroid surgery received continuous infusion of mivacurium at the initial rate of 14.97 μg · kg@*RESULTS@#The EC@*CONCLUSIONS@#In patients undergoing thyroid surgery under TIVA, the EC
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Humans , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Mivacurium , Propofol , Remifentanil , Thyroid GlandABSTRACT
The incidence of Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is reported to be 0.6%-0.8% on the right side and in 0.004% on the left side. Damage to this nerve during thyroidectomy may lead to vocal cord complications and should therefore be prevented. A middle-aged woman with a nodular goiter who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular colloid goiter. We encountered a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side in a patient during surgery. We were not able to find the inferior laryngeal nerve in its usual position using the customary anatomical landmarks. Instead, it was emerging directly from the right vagus nerve at a right angle and entering the larynx as a unique non-bifurcating nerve. Nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve incidence is very rare, but when present, increases the risk of damage during thyroidectomy. Hence, it is very important to be aware of the anatomical variations of the inguinal lymph node (ILN) and the use of safe meticulous dissection while looking for the nerve during thyroidectomy. The use of Intra-operative neuro-monitoring (IONM) if available in thyroid surgery allows the surgeon to recognize and differentiate branches of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) from sympathetic anastomoses, as well as NRLN during surgery.
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En la Unidad de Cuidado Neurocrítico (UCN), el examen neurológico constituye un parámetro fundamental en la evaluación de la evolución de pacientes admitidos en esta unidad; uno de los principales elementos de esta inspección es la valoración de las pupilas, establecida por la estimulación del reflejo pupilar a la luz, ya sea de forma manual o mediante un pupilómetro para medir el diámetro pupilar y su reactividad, lo que se ha constituido como un primer y en algunos contextos casi que el único signo clínico que manifiestan los pacientes con traumas o lesiones encefálicas al momento que hay un empeoramiento del cuadro patológico, por lo que se ha propuesto como una herramienta eficaz para establecer un pronóstico y seguimiento en estos pacientes.
At the neuro-critical care units, the neurological examination constitutes a fundamental parameter in the evaluation of the evolution of patients admitted into these units. One of the main elements of this inspection is the assessment of the pupils, established by the pupillary light reflection stimulation, either manually or by means of a pupilometer to measure the pupillary diameter and its reactivity. It has been constituted as a first, and in some contexts, almost the only clinical sign manifested by patients with traumas or brain injuries at the time where there is a worsening of the pathological picture, so it has been proposed as an effective tool to establish a prognosis and follow-up in these patients.
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Pupil , Reflex, Pupillary , Brain Injuries , Critical Care , Neurologic ExaminationABSTRACT
Respiratory management in patients with acute severe brain injury is an important part of the integrated critical management.A series of special pathophysiological changes and clinical manifestations after brain injury make it different from non-central nervous system diseases.Lung protective ventilation strategy and evidence from clinical trials have challenged the traditional view of respiratory management:hypocarbonemia and low PEEP strategy are no longer routine options for respiratory management in patients with brain injury,but respiratory management still needs to follow the principle of "avoiding secondary injury".Multimodal neuromonitoring shows good prospects,which is helpful to achieve the precision of respiratory management by optimizing the targets of the management of intracranial pressure,cerebral perfusion and cerebral oxygen metabolism.
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Focused neuromonitoring plays an important role in the management of severe brain injuries.Severe brain injuries have the pathophysiological complexity and diversity.The purpose of focused neuromonitoring is to detect abnormal links in the early stage;to screen etiology;to individualize patient care decisions;to monitor therapeutic response of some interventions and to avoidany potential adverse effects;to improve neurological outcome and quality of life in survivors.The first step in making good use of focused neuromonitoring is to allow clinicians to better understand the pathophysiology of complex disorders,and the second is to accurately obtain every parameter and correctly interpret them.Finally,multiple parameters of focused neuromonitoring were integrated and integrated with clinical indexes and pathophysiological changes.In the end,understanding the information transmitted by severe neurological patients and transforming the monitoring datas into scientific and rigorous treatment decisions.
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OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity and positive predictive value of widely used intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) using electromyography (EMG) of the vocalis muscle in thyroid surgery are controversial. Thus, we developed a novel IONM system with an accelerometer sensor that uses the piezoelectric effect instead of EMG to detect laryngeal twitching. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this novel IONM system during thyroid surgery in a porcine model. METHODS: We developed an accelerometer sensor that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure laryngeal twitching in three dimensions. This novel accelerometer sensor was placed in the anterior neck skin (transcutaneous) or postcricoid area. Stimulus thresholds, amplitude, and latency of laryngeal twitching measured using the accelerometer sensor were compared to those measured through EMG of the vocalis muscle. RESULTS: The amplitudes of the accelerometer sensor at the anterior neck and postcricoid area were significantly lower than those of EMG because of differences in the measurement method used to evaluate laryngeal movement. However, no significant differences in stimulus thresholds between the EMG endotracheal tube and transcutaneous or postcricoid accelerometer sensors were observed. CONCLUSION: Accelerometer sensors located at the anterior neck or postcricoid area were able to identify laryngeal twitching. The stimulus intensity measured with these sensors was equivalent to that from conventional vocalis EMG. Our novel IONM system with an accelerometer sensor that checks changes in surface acceleration can be an alternative to EMG of the vocalis muscle for IONM in the future.
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Acceleration , Electromyography , Laryngeal Muscles , Methods , Neck , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve , Skin , Thyroid Gland , ThyroidectomyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Among the various energy-based devices, ultrasonic shears are popular in thyroid surgeries. In this study, we tested the safety of Harmonic ACE and Harmonic ACE+ around the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in experimental swine models. METHODS: Harmonic ACE and Harmonic ACE+ were each tested in 4 piglets. Harmonic ACE and Harmonic ACE+ were activated at a 0- to 5-mm distance from the RLN. The function of the RLN was assessed using continuous electrophysiological monitoring. RESULTS: For Harmonic ACE, there was no adverse EMG event found when activated at 4- and 5-mm distances from the RLN. At a 2- to 3-mm distance, there were 4 adverse EMG events observed. In these 4 cases, adjacent tissue shrinkage occurred after 6 to 15 seconds of activation, and the RLN touched the Harmonic ACE. At a 1-mm distance, there were 2 adverse EMG events found after 25 seconds of activation. For Harmonic ACE+, there was no adverse EMG event observed when activated at 1- and 3-mm distances from the RLN. At a 0-mm distance, 2 adverse EMG events occurred after 6 to 10 seconds of activation. CONCLUSION: The safe distance of Harmonic ACE and ACE+ was 4 and 1 mm, respectively, in the swine models. Harmonic ACE+ is safer than Harmonic ACE because it did not cause any tissue shrinkage. Surgeons need to understand the characteristics of devices for safe operation.
Subject(s)
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve , Surgeons , Swine , Thyroid Gland , UltrasonicsABSTRACT
The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased rapidly in recent years and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was often found invasion by thyroid carcinoma.Surgery is the preferred treatment of thyroid carcinoma at present.How to evaluate the extent of recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion,thereby formulating the proper treatment,has influence on the radical resection of tumor and the quality of life after surgery.Based on the clinical experience of the author and related literature,this article tries to analyze the pattern and the perioperative evaluation method of the RLN invasion,thus to improve the cognition and treatment of RLN,as well as life quality of patients.
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Objective To explore the value of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during difficult thyroid carcinoma operation.Methods Data of 102 patients admitted from Nov.2012 to Nov.2015 who underwent complex thyroid carcinoma operation were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 102 patients,39 were receiving the first operation due to local advanced thyroid cancer,and 63 were receiving the second operation.According to whether IONM was applied,the patients were divided into the observation group(57 patients) and the control group(45 patients).Difference of the time cost in exposing and dissecting RLN and RLN injury rate between the two groups was compared.Results The time cost in exposing and dissecting RLN was shorter in the observation group ((7.88±1.55)min) than in the control group ((12.60±3.56)min),with statistical difference (t=-2.449,P=0.044).Three patients (5.26％) in the observation group and 7 patients(15.56％) in the control group had temporary RLN injury,with no statistical difference (P=0.161).No one in the observation group and 2 patients (4.44％) in the control group had permanent RLN injury,and the difference had no statistical significance(P=0.192).Conclusions On the basis of normative surgical procedure,IONM technology can reduce the time of exposing and dissecting RLN,and it has practical value in reducing the risk of RLN injury in difficult thyroid carcinoma operation.
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Objective To explore the technique and significance of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for scarless in the neck endoscopic thyroidectomy (SET) via breast approach.Methods From Apr.2015 to Oct.2015,101 consecutive patients undergoing SET with IONM were included.During the operation,patients received radical resection of the thyroid cancer by Wang's seven-step method.The lymph nodes in the central area were dissected and Wang's multi-functional separation forceps were implemented for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) positioning,monitoring and protection.Also,time required for RLN positioning and exposure,postoperative transient and permanent RLN damage incidence were calculated to assess the feasibility of IONM under SET.Results Among 101 patients,130 RLNs in total were exposed.The average time required for RLN positioning under IONM was (3.26 ± 1.08)min,with round-nerve management time of (13.95 ± 4.58)min.Nerve signal change happened in 16.9％(22/130) patients.Positive predictive value was 13.6％ and negative predictive value was 100％.The overall accuracy rate was 85.4％.Conclusion IONM during SET is feasible,and can be helpful for the localization and functional protection of RLN and was useful to predict vocal cord paralysis.
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Objective To investigate the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy for external branch of superior laryngeal nerve(EBSLN).Methods From Jan.2017 to Jun.2017,138 patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly divided into monitor group (n=69) and the control group (n=69).The monitor group were used IONM for EBSLN,while the control group were used conventional area protection.Results The overall incidence of EBSLN injury was 1.4％(1/69) in the monitor group,and the overall incidence of EBSLN injury was 11.6％(8/69) in the control group.There was statistical significance between the two groups.Conclusion The application of IONM in thyroidectomy can exactly identify EBSLN,and reduce the possibility of EBSLN injury remarkably.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of intra-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) monitoring in subtotal thyroidectomy of patients with nodular goiter.Methods The clinical data of 83 patients with nodular goiter admitted from Jan.2014 to Oct.2017 were analyzed.They were divided into non-monitoring group(38 cases) and the monitoring group (45 cases).9 patients had masses with a maximum diameter larger than 7 cm and 29 patients had masses with maximum diameter between 4 and 7 cm in the non-monitoring group.Among the 38 masses compressing trachea,one case also had esophagus compression.In the monitoring group,the maximal diameter of mass was larger than 7 cm in 15 cases and 4 to 7 cm in 30 cases.All the 32 cases had trachea compression and 2 cases had esophagus compression.All patients underwent routine laryngoscopy preoperatively,suggesting no RLN paralyses.Both groups underwent subtotal thyroidectomy under general anesthesia.Results In non-monitoring group,there were 18 cases with RLN exposed.Five patients had hoarseness after operation,and laryngoscopy showed weakened ipsilateral vocal cord.In the monitoring group,all patients successfully received the surgery and signals V1 were obtained during nerve monitoring.A total of 21 RLN were exposed intraoperatively.Signals V2 were obtained postoperatively,and they showed no significant reduction as compared to signals V1 and no hoarseness occurred.Incidence of RLN injury in monitoring group was significantly lower than that in non-monitoring group (P＜0.05,P=0.04).The rate of RLN injury in the non-monitoring group was higher than that in the monitoring group.Conclusion In the surgery for nodular goiter,intra-operative RLN monitoring can be applied to determine neural function and can effectively reduce the risk of RLN injury.
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Since intraoperative neuromonitoring has been invented,and after persistent developing,it has become an adjunct to laryngeal nerve protection and stand as an important role in localization and recognizing,identification of nerve function and injury mechanisms.This technique has been widespread in China in recent years,but lack of standardized application and pitfalls of this intraoperative neuromonitoring itself have become a major issue.Only by proceeding systematic training,promoting standardized procedures,researches and developments,this technique can maximize its potential and benefit both physicians and patients.